Regulatory and Accreditation

Quantitative Research Article Critique Sandra M. Smith NUR/518 February, 26, 2012 Veta Massey Quantitative Research Article Critique Kalisch, B. J. , and Lee, K. (2011). Medical attendant Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals. Diary of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 82-88. Presentation The motivation behind this examination is to investigate the flow look into information and utilization of the Nurse Teamwork Survey to check whether medical caretaker staffing levels predicts collaboration. The significance of collaboration is to accomplish a more significant level of patient wellbeing, nature of care, work fulfillment, and reduction turnover.A cross-sectional illustrative plan was utilized with a 2,545 nursing staff on 52 units conveying quiet consideration, in four unique clinics among the Mid-West. The pertinence of the investigation is to show that there is a relationship between quality, safe consideration, and cooperatio n which additionally requires safe staffing (Kalisch and Lee, 2011) The title of the article recommends the principle factors and the populace in the examination. The theoretical succinctly and plainly sum up the fundamental issue, strategy, and consequences of the investigation. The issue recognized is an absence of comprehension between the relationship of remaining task at hand, cooperation, and level of staffing.Literature audit The writing survey is doing - date and concentrated for the most part on essential sources. Dates of the writing audit go from 1994-2009. Just one survey considered was more than 10 years and six were in the previous five years. The survey gives a scope of correlations among collaboration and occupation fulfillment, death rate, relational aptitudes, and nature of care. What is known is that a more elevated level of collaboration in the concentrated consideration units was seen as identified with a lessening in death rates (Kalisch and Lee, 2011). Additio nally, a decline in opening rates, and staff turnover was related with more elevated level of teamwork.Brewer (2006) indicated that† improved collaboration found a huge diminishing in understanding falls. † The writing audit gives a strong base to this examination. What is obscure is the connection between outstanding task at hand, staffing levels, and cooperation. Structure The investigation represents a â€Å"conceptual system which proposes that staffing levels foresee cooperation when there is control of the keenness( CMI) of the patients on the units, the size of the emergency clinic and the medical caretaker staffing levels( nurture staffing included RN’s, LPN’s, NA’s, and unit secretaries)† (Kalisch and Lee, 2009, p. 3). There is a theoretical guide, which distinguishes the factors and relationship that is basic and reasonable. The structure depended on the result of the writing audit and the impacts that staffing levels had on cooperat ion. The system identifies the connections among cooperation and staffing levels to quiet results. â€Å"The system identifies with the collection of nursing information in that tolerant security and patient view of care conveyed in held in high regard for nurses† (Kalisch and Lee, 2011, p. 83).The applied system distinguished the significance of collaboration by utilizing the Salas, Sims, and Burke (2005) study that recognized five significant components of cooperation (trust, group direction, back up, shared mental model, and group administration). Utilizing this applied system its fundamental establishment, the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) was created and tried to be utilized for the psychometric components. This testing brought about recognizing five unique components of the nursing group that was distinct. The exploration questions proposed where asfollows: â€Å"By controlling the CMI and size of the emergency clinic, does the degree of staffing anticipate nursing tea mwork?By controlling medical clinic size and CMI, does the degree of staffing foresee subscales of cooperation (trust, group direction, back up shared mental model, and group leadership)† (Kalisch and Lee, 2011, p. 83)? The point of the examination questions was proper to the investigation on that they recognized the connection among cooperation and staffing levels. Technique The investigation (Kalisch and Lee, 2011) utilized a graphic, cross-sectional structure and a fitting example was utilized. â€Å"The setting was four medical clinics inside the Midwest of the United. Examining qualities were 60% over the time of 35.The greater part of the example were female (89%) and RN’s (70%), and the dominant part (74%) had at any rate 2 years experience† (Kalisch and Lee, 2011, p. 83). The example bunch was recognized and portrayed and adequate in size and character. The size of the emergency clinics were between 300 - 900 beds. All units were qualified for incorporati on. A sum of 52 beds was the examination test. The testing staff made up 2,545 respondents. 1,741 were RN’s, 41 were LPN’s, 502 were NA’s, and 191 were unit secretaries. The example bunches were properly recognized as relevant to the investigation question.The NTS was utilized in this examination and was expected to gauge nursing collaboration in the inpatient care setting. The Bartlett test was utilized to demonstrate the relationship lattice that demonstrated it not to be a character framework. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin estimated the example sufficiency. In this investigation it was resolved to be amazing at (0. 961). Corroborative factor examination likewise indicated that the collaboration model of five elements fit the information well. A near fit record model was 0. 884 with a root mean square mistake of estimate to be 0. 055. The test and retest unwavering quality was acceptable at 0. 92.The consistency of the study demonstrated to be 0. 94 with co-productiv e running from 0. 74-0. 85. The aftereffects of these tests indicated a likeness in reactions of staff individuals on a similar unit (Kalisch and Lee, 2011). The NTS utilized was a poll. It contains 33 inquiries with a Likert-type scaling framework. This study was created by the writing audit and from center gatherings with staff individuals. The staff individuals are needy factors inside the examination, in spite of the fact that the emergency clinic size and CMI of the patients are free factors. The overview was given to the staff with a period limit for responding.The reaction was unknown. Staffing information was additionally acquired by every clinic database. The attendant staffing pointers included hours per quiet day (HPPD), RN hours per tolerant day (RN HPPD), and expertise blend (RN’s LPN’s, and NA’s giving direct patient consideration). The sharpness of the patients was likewise a factor. The investigation ensured practically identical information amon g the four destinations. This was finished by utilizing the crude information that was given by the taking part clinics. The fitting factual strategies were utilized in this investigation and the exploration questions were additionally tended to with the gatherings reviewed. Information collectionThe study was led over a four-week time frame where information was gathered from every office. The information assortment stage included two separate examination stages. The principal stage was the organization of the study to the units and the assortment of crude staffing information from the emergency clinics. The NTS was placed in an envelope with a letter of clarification about the examination. Motivating force was given to each take an interest by the expansion of a piece of candy. The investment was made known to be willful. The subjects were to put the finished study in a bolted box gave on every unit. A pizza motivator was given for units who accomplished a half return.This impetus was fitting in light of the fact that the staff needed to remove time from their work day to do the examination. The subsequent stage, which gathered the crude information of HPPD, RN HPPD, CMI, and expertise blend were gotten from every unit before the NTS being controlled (Kalisch and Lee, 2011). The gathered information was proper to the investigation questions. Measurable information examination Data investigation was gotten by the utilization of the Statistical Package for Social Science rendition 16. 0. The unit investigation is recognized as the patient consideration unit. The mean score for collaboration level acquired from the NTS was gathered and joined to a unit level group score.Statistical examination was done to address each address in the investigation. Fitting strategies were utilized to break down the information acquired. â€Å"Preliminary investigation included utilizing recurrence, elucidating, and relationship techniques that related with the examination quest ion. Connection investigation was adequately used to address the connections between medical clinic bed size, staffing levels, and teamwork† (Kalisch and Lee, 2011, p. 85). Relapse investigation was done to distinguish the relationship of staffing levels as it thinks about to the five subscales of teamwork.One examination recognized HPPD as the significant level of consistency of cooperation on the unit. The investigation demonstrated that the higher the expertise blends on a story and higher HPPD, the more prominent the consistency of cooperation. The discoveries of the investigation are satisfactorily summed up by the utilization of numerous tables. The discoveries are accounted for in a way that would bolster proof base practice. Conversation The significant discoveries of the connection between staffing levels and collaboration were deciphered and talked about. This investigation demonstrates that there is a connection among HPPD and nursing teamwork.It was likewise announ ced that the higher the ability blend the more prominent degree of cooperation. Analyst noticed that â€Å"the utilization of genuine medical caretaker staffing information adds considerable validity and certainty to the past findings† (Kalisch and Lee, 2011, p. 86). The translations of the investigation appear to consistently stream with the outcomes. The investigation discusses the restrictions of the examination on that the example was in just four Mid-Western clinics. As per Kalisch and Lee (2011, p. 87), â€Å"team work is progressively hard to accomplish in bigger medical clinics. † The example doesn't accommodate generalizability of the findings.The study prescribes further direct perception studies to quantify genuine cooperation. Suggestions The investigation discusses the ramifications of the discoveries. The outcomes propose that guaranteeing sufficient staffing is significant yet additionally expanding the productivity of the conveyance of care by utilizing staff more

Is the Cost of College Too High Essay Example

Is the Cost of College Too High Essay An unavoidable issue these days is that Is the expense of school excessively high. Guardians are beginning to imagine that possibly having multiple children will later reason them finantional issues later on. Educational cost for two children rises to over $30,000 yearly for everything that is required for school. From books, to tution, to dorming, to food. Guardians are setting aside pennies so their children can have a superior future with their very own group. Yet, while guardians are too bustling scratching cash from to a great extent, some are running low on bills to pay and backing themselfves.Sure there are loads of grants out there that numerous secondary school seniors can apply for and furthermore finantional help however with all the school pressure that is on the understudies they are required to keep a specific GPA to keep their schorlarship and the moment the GPA drops, so does the schorship that was paying for their school. School tution is in reality excessively high and is causing understudies who ought to be concentrating on their examinations begin working low maintenance so they can bear the cost of their multi year study or in some cases significantly more. Understudies are compelled to take advances from banks, guardians are compelled to take out cash from their investment funds account.There is no uncertainty that school costs have shot up through the rooftop in the previous decade or two. A normal educational cost at four-year universities are relied upon to build 7 percent this school year. Since understudies cannot go anyplace to pay they put off school until they have enough spared to pay yet then there is a hole in age distinction between understudies in classes. At the point when these understudies are this old they have families that they have to help, kids that they have to care for and individuals who are relying upon them to bring home food.

Synthesis of Divanillin Lab Report Essay Example

Union of Divanillin Lab Report Paper The dimmer bond shapes between two carbons that have each lost an electron and have one to share, The dimmer bond doesn't include an oxygen, so this is called oxidative outline since two indistinguishable mixes are fortified at oxidized carbons. 2) Draw reverberation structures for the phenotype anion: 3) Why does the dimmer bond structure between the #5 Carbons? A. At the point when the hydrogen peroxide responds with the peroxides, 2 counterparts of a hydroxyl free radical are shaped. Those free radicals take a hydrogen (counting its electron) from the vanilla particles, framing phenol free radicals. The cost stable area for the reverberating electron on this free radical is on the number 5 carbon (Roth to the phenol). The resounding electrons on every vanilla free extreme structure a covalent bond, shaping the dimmer. 4) Why is this green Chemistry? A. Green Chemistry, basically, maintains a strategic distance from the utilization and formation of poisons and waste that hurts nature. Green science tries to prevent contamination from substance creation and to utilize less regular assets. This examination is green science on the grounds that the reactants utilized and the items are all non-poisonous ND satiate tort nature. In explicit, this investigation includes one of the Green Chemistry advancements Ryeâ ¶j Noir utilized hydrogen peroxide for clean oxidations. The hydrogen peroxide in this investigation doesn't create poisonous waste like substantial metal oxidants do; it just delivers water. We will compose a custom paper test on Synthesis of Divanillin Lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Synthesis of Divanillin Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Synthesis of Divanillin Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Persuasive Essay Sample: Ask Your Kids to Believe Your Stories

Persuasive Essay Sample: Ask Your Kids to Believe Your StoriesFive-year-old children use five-year-old persuasive essay samples to get the point across. They've seen all of the television programs where parents and teachers sit down in a board room, face to face, to hash out some big issue that needs their attention. That's a form of interaction that can be used, but it can't possibly capture the authenticity of the conversation that occurs between a child and their parent. What five-year-olds really want is for their parents to listen to them.That's the reason why five-year-olds want you to believe that your opinions are no good, even though they're all your own. If you show yourself as condescending, you'll make the same statement to five-year-olds, even if it's perfectly true. You can see how this makes sense, even from the five-year-old's point of view. From their perspective, it's natural for parents to not give too much credence to any claims made by their kids.However, in that person's viewpoint, it's the parent who doesn't listen to the child. They're the one who doesn't get the child to actually express themselves. That's the person who doesn't give the child their story or their thoughts. Instead, they react to what the child says, which may not be well-reasoned. They take sides in the argument, which is exactly the point of all argument.In third graders, this process of reaction takes place even before they understand anything at all. You may think that the reactions of your children reflect something about you, but it doesn't. Their reactions because the environment has made them. The environment shapes them and creates habits that shape them.Kids hear lots of different voices telling them what to do. Parents don't always take care to give kids their own ideas. It's much easier for the parents to simply listen to the voices that they themselves have been exposed to, while they pretend to listen to the child.Then, when kids get older, they hear so ma ny different opinions. How many times have you seen parents debate with one another, in an attempt to show the other parent that their opinion is wrong? Most of the time, the debate ends up at the level of sheer hostility, with both parents throwing accusations and insults, because that's all that they know how to do.In these situations, the parent's anger and desire to be heard is being met by the other parent's refusal to listen to anything that the parent says. They're not hearing the other parent, and they are standing in for the child. This all happens before they have an opportunity to get any real ideas.It's important to remember that in all of these cases, the child is really listening to the parent, not the other way around. Five-year-olds will assume that their opinions are valid, while their parents are not listening to them. However, the things that the parent does, say, and do are all signs that they are indeed listening to them. A child cannot ever 'ask' someone to lis ten to them when their parents are refusing to take them seriously.

Management Bank of Ghana Example For Free - Free Essay Example

5.1 Conclusion The strength and health of a banking system is a prerequisite for sustainable economic growth and development. Banks in Ghana have been undergoing major challenges in the dynamic operating environment over the past decade. Basically, to withstand negative shocks and maintain financial stability, it is important to identify the determinants that mostly influence the overall performance of banks in Ghana. The fundamental objective of this research was to identify the core determinants of profitability in the Ghanaian banking industry, despite the fact that global financial crisis continues to adversely affect banks performances, the world over. The scope of this study covered a random sampling, in which sixteen (16) banks were selected out of a total of 27, covering a period through 2004 to 2013. Based on series of tests conducted, the author made use of the random effect model to study both bank-specific/controlled variables( EQTA, LOTA, NIGI LPTA) and e xternal/un-controlled variables(MPR INF), as this method revealed the more accurate compared to fixed effect result. The fact that performances in banks and other financial institutions are measured in various ways, the author used both ROA and ROE as dependent variables to ascertain the impact these selected variables would create on them. Result for ROA shows that both EQTA MPR has a statistical highly significance effect on performances of these banks. This shows that banks with higher capital structure can absorb losses and are capable of withstanding any probable future shocks in Ghana. Therefore, the introduction of a new capital adequacy requirement by the Bank of Ghana was a smart move that could not only help banks to be sustainable, but also helping to contribute to stable economic growth. Also, the monetary policy rate (MPR) which determines the industry lending rate was also major contributing factor towards profitability in the Ghanaian banking industry. The higher this rate, the more profits banks were able to make, as they can easily factor it into their lending rate to the private sector, thus transferring the costs to customers. LPTA and INF were also highly significant to ROA, but affected it negatively. The more provision a bank makes the lower the profit it will realize at the end of the accounting period. This shows that asset quality was poor which accounted for huge accumulation of unpaid debt during the period that ended up soaring profits in these banks. Inflation also affected profitability negatively. It shows that inflation was never fully anticipated by banks managers and executives. These results are in line with our theory and expectations. However, both LOTA and NIGI were insignificant to banking performances in Ghana. Despite the fact that they had a positive correlation with ROA, both were statistically insignificant. For loans to asset variable, it might represent that because loan loss provision adversely affected RO A, most of those loans and advances were never repaid by customers. It is rational that the higher the loan portfolio, the higher the income obtained from it; however, it should also be noted that only quality loans will generate more income. In short, as a result of the competitive credit market condition and the successive cuts in interest rate, the interest spread which is a major determinant of profitability, becomes narrower. Similarly, result for ROE shows that EQTA, LPTA and MPR were highly statistically significant towards the performance of banks in the Ghanaian industry. This is consistent with the result obtained for ROA. However, the only difference is that EQTA affected ROE adversely. The reason for this underscored the difference highlighted in the theoretical review, whereas ROE measures how efficient management is towards managing it total resources, ROE measures how efficient management has been with shareholders equity. The negative correlation of this variable with ROE is because as capital adequacy is increased, the earning power of each cedi (Ghanaian currency) invested by shareholders in the business is reduced. LOTA has a negative correlation with ROE which is quite expected because the calculation of equity excludes liabilities from it. However, this variable is statistically insignificant towards ROE. NIGI and INF are quite insignificant towards ROE. 5.2 Recommendations Based on the findings of this research paper, the following recommendations are made to both bank managers/ management and policy authorities (Bank of Ghana): 5.2.1 To the bank managers/ management Bank managers/management must ensure that effective monitoring of loans and advances disbursement process must not be circumvented to aid statistical reporting. As the result revealed that higher loans does not necessarily transform to profit. In as much as loans represent the fundamental source of income in banks, therefore the need to establish and adhere to strict prudential guidelines in the administration of credit cannot be over emphasized. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s banking, focus should be shifted towards credit risk management and so, effective and active credit risk department/ personnel are required to achieve this goal. Also, the audit department should also aid in this process by ensuring that adequate checks and balances are observed. This includes ensuring adequate know-your-customer (KYC) is obtained and documented and reviewed regularly, monitoring the disbursement of loans (both on-site and off-site). If these measures are implemented, then asset quality will definitely lead to profitability, thus reducing the adverse impact of making more provisions for bad debts. A fundamental approach to any profit oriented venture is the use of SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity threats) analysis. Outside the primary source of income which is from loans and advances are incomes gotten from fees and commissions. They represent a minute but huge alternative source of generating profits. From the result, one of the weaknesses of the banks is the inability to effectively take advantage of their expansion and innovations into profits. Innovations and expansions are cost oriented ventures which can be neutralized by greater income generation, not necessarily from loans and advances. Bank managers should look at this weakness and take advantage of the opportunity that comes with it. Ensuring that all possible commissions are collected by the bank, whether manually by designated bank officials or through the system. This might represent a significant income leakages in both the system and manually. Therefore, it is recommended that regular income leakages and other checks are conducted so as to adequately capture all incomes due to the bank. Inflation in itself is not as bad as it seems, depending on whether the level of increase in anticipated or not. If anticipated and are correctly factored into profits, then the cost of increase will be avoided and controlled. However, from the result obtained above, we noted that for ROA, inflation adversely affected performance of banks in Ghana, significantly. This shows that the level of increase was never anticipated. And the cost that comes with it practically reduced the real value of banking profits. The authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recommendation is that bank managers/ management must ensure to reasonably forecast future inflation so that it can be anticipated and the cost of it will be minimized. Also, capital adequacy as stipulated by the Bank of Ghana must be adhered to by all banks. The reason being that, based on the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s findings, this variable had a major contribution towards profits in the industry. This shows that it can help to foster not only financial stability and economic growth but also can absorbed unexpected shocks which might happen in the future. 5.2.2 To the monetary authority (Bank of Ghana) Bank capitalization should be encouraged so that bank performance can be enhanced. Banks should endeavor to retain earnings to boost up capital rather than paying exorbitant bonuses. A well capitalized banking system will ensure financial stability and make the industry more resilient against external shocks and risk. This is because well capitalized banks have lower financial risk and thus are more likely to survive financial crisis. The study of Flamini et al. (2009) on the determinants of bank profitability, gives some support to a policy of imposing higher capital requirements in the Sub-Saharan region in order to strengthen financial stability. In line with this, the recapitalization requirement by the Bank of Ghana is appropriate.

Climate Change Which Side Is Right - 1714 Words

Climate Change-Which Side is Right? Climate change and its role in the world is a heavily debatable topic that was brought to the spotlight in the 1960s. The main controversies that surround climate change stem from four main arguments. They are â€Å"is there global warming? How much global warming is occurring? What causes global warming? And can humanity affect it?† Scientist and analysts study and answer these questions differently forming several different distinct sides to the matter. As a result three arguments and positions have formed about climate change. The three sides consist of those who refuse to believe there is any climate change occurring in the world that the change in the weather and climate are so insignificant that they are of no concern; climate change is real however it is a natural process the Earth undergoes, and climate change is real, it’s a threat, and its man made. Climate Change is Man-Made and a Threat Climate change can be defined as a change in global patterns as a result of carbon dioxide shaped by fossil fuels. Some scientist and politicians argue that Global warming or climate change is mankind’s fault and is the sole contributor to the average increase in temperatures of the Earth. They say climate change is in fact real, and it is a major threat to the survival of mankind; Man is to blame for global warming because Man has emitted an array of harmful gases, primarily carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels, which startedShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesclaim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. 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Indeed, there are many aspects in which climatic changes and global warming step in, being sources of controversies and disagreements. In this opportunity, the discussion about climatic changes will be divided into two different aspects, the first one involves how scientists think about the main cause of climatic changes while analyzing the question â€Å"Are humans responsible for climaticRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Scott Pruitt And The Environment1538 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Protection Agency. Pruitt denies the importance of climate change, he is a pro-industry former attorney general of Oklahoma. Epstein dances around rhetoric on both sides of the polarized climate change debate, creating a discourse which seems unbiased to the casual reader. This rhetorical analysis will strive to keep its proverbial ear to the ground and listen to the elephants hustling in the distance. References leading to right-wing contributors, language that evokes a sense of loss, and

How to Grow Crystals - Tips and Techniques

Do you want to learn how to grow crystals? These are general instructions for growing crystals that you can use for most crystal recipes. Here are the basics, to get you started and help you troubleshoot problems: What Are Crystals? Crystals are structures that are formed from a regular repeated pattern of connected atoms or molecules. Crystals grow by a process termed nucleation. During nucleation, the atoms or molecules that will crystallize (solute) are dissolved into their individual units in a solvent. The solute particles contact each other and connect with each other. This subunit is larger than an individual particle, so more particles will contact and connect with it. Eventually, this crystal nucleus becomes large enough that it falls out of solution (crystallizes). Other solute molecules will continue to attach to the surface of the crystal, causing it to grow until a balance or equilibrium is reached between the solute molecules in the crystal and those that remain in the solution. The Basic Crystal Growing Technique Make a saturated solution.Start a garden or grow a seed crystal.Continue growth. In order to grow a crystal, you need to make a solution which maximizes the chances for the solute particles to come together and form a nucleus, which will grow into your crystal. This means you will want a concentrated solution with as much solute as you can dissolve (saturated solution). Sometimes nucleation can occur simply through the interactions between the solute particles in the solution (called unassisted nucleation), but sometimes its better to provide a sort of meeting place for solute particles to aggregate (assisted nucleation). A rough surface tends to be more attractive for nucleation than a smooth surface. As an example, a crystal is more likely to start forming on a rough piece of string than on the smooth side of a glass. Make a Saturated Solution Its best to start your crystals with a saturated solution. A more dilute solution will become saturated as the air evaporates some liquid, but evaporation takes time (days, weeks). You will get your crystals more quickly if the solution is saturated to begin with. Also, there may come a time when you need to add more liquid to your crystal solution. If your solution is anything but saturated, then it will undo your work and actually dissolve your crystals! Make a saturated solution by adding your crystal solute (e.g., alum, sugar, salt) to the solvent (usually water, although some recipes may call for other solvents). Stirring the mix will help to dissolve the solute. Sometimes you may want to apply heat to help the solute dissolve. You can use boiling water or sometimes even heat the solution on the stove, over a burner, or in a microwave. Growing a Crystal Garden or Geode If you just want to grow a mass of crystals or a crystal garden, you can pour your saturated solution over a substrate (rocks, brick, sponge), cover the setup with a paper towel or coffee filter to keep out dust and allow the liquid to slowly evaporate. Growing a Seed Crystal On the other hand, if you are trying to grow a larger single crystal, you will need to obtain a seed crystal. One method of getting a seed crystal is to pour a small amount of your saturated solution onto a plate, let the drop evaporate, and scrape the crystals formed on the bottom to use as seeds. Another method is to pour saturated solution into a very smooth container (like a glass jar) and dangle a rough object (like a piece of string) into the liquid. Small crystals will start to grow on the string, which can be used as seed crystals. Crystal Growth and Housekeeping If your seed crystal is on a string, pour the liquid into a clean container (otherwise crystals will eventually grow on the glass and compete with your crystal), suspend the string in the liquid, cover the container with a paper towel or coffee filter (dont seal it with a lid!), and continue to grow your crystal. Pour the liquid into a clean container whenever you see crystals growing on the container. If you selected a seed from a plate, tie it onto a nylon fishing line (too smooth to be attractive to crystals, so your seed can grow without competition), suspend the crystal in a clean container with saturated solution, and grow your crystal the same way as with seeds that were originally on a string. Preserving Your Crystals Crystals that were made from a water (aqueous) solution will dissolve somewhat in humid air. Keep your crystal beautiful by storing it in a dry, closed container. You may wish to wrap it in paper to keep it dry and prevent dust from accumulating on it. Certain crystals can be protected by being sealed with an acrylic coating (like Future floor polish), although applying the acrylic will dissolve the outermost layer of the crystal. Crystal Projects to Try Make Rock Candy or Sugar CrystalsBlue Copper Sulfate CrystalsCrystallize a Real FlowerQuick Cup of Refrigerator Crystals